-6- Closing commentary
When summarizing the facts given in this coursework I come to the conclusion, that George W. Bush, president of the United States of America, used the horrible attacks on the World Trade Center to not only justify the upcoming attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq, but also to establish new laws that reduce the citizens freedom. (Patriot Act / Homeland security)

His administration created and distributed false facts, blatant lies and fairy tales, to persuade the people of America of their opinion. Several incidents have shown, that Bush bent reality far too much: All the lies about 9/11, the war in Afghanistan which was started without any real evidence and the war in Iraq, where everyday 1,98 US soldiers are killed.(based on the casualties until today, 30th march, 2004. Watch the Flash animations for further information). The whole story about the Weapons of Mass destruction was a lie. He, Bush, even jokes about the non-existing WMD. “Those weapons of mass destruction have got to be somewhere … nope, no weapons over there … maybe under here?” Bush joked at the occasion of a dinner.” 41
I personally do not find this too funny. There were no WMD. That’s what Blix’ s detailed report said. Other sources verified this.42 I am really wondering if Mr. Bush thinks that killing people without any reason (that’s what the US did in the Iraq war in 2003), is funny to joke about. The whole idea sickens me.
Slowly, but maybe just in time for the US election 2004, criticism towards the Bush administration increases. Reports that had been withheld are now made public. Former White House employees and other government officials release secret information that were not accessible up to now, and that really puts pressure on Bush. It looks like that Bush tried to use the events of 9/11 to justify wars against other nations, but he did not say “We are declaring war on Iraq”, but “I declare war on terrorism”. This phrase marks history, as for the first time a war is not fought against a single country, but against a great number of countries that allegedly grant a safe haven for them. This vague term allows Bush to target any country he wants. Who will be next? So far, we have learnt, that no reason is a reason, which means, that the country accused of dealing with terrorists (Afghanistan e.g.) can be attacked on base of facts created by the Bush administration’s PR machine.

-7- Eigenständigkeitserklärung

Ich erkläre, dass ich die Facharbeit ohne fremde Hilfe angefertigt und nur die im Literaturverzeichnis angeführten Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe.

Ich bin der Autor dieser Facharbeit und beanspruche ein komplettes Copyright auf diese.
I am the author of this coursework. The author copyrights this coursework.

Read on | Closing commentary

The following article is part of a series called “German A-Levels/Abitur 2005 English”. In Germany you have your a-levels after the 13rd year in school. Pupils are usually between 17 and 18 years when they have their exams. In the compulsory schools you a broad variety of courses: From German, English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Greek to Science, Maths, Geographics, Physics, Literature, Arts and Sports etc. I prepared myself in 2005 for my a-levels by writing everything down. May these articles help anyone. Enjoy!

- Main ideas
utopia / dystopia = anti-utopia

- Our future, is it doomed?
* colourless
* dull
* grey

- Asia, a new market
- Africa, the forgotten continent

_FUNCTION+PURPOSE: warn of technology and its consequences

- far advanced technologies

- birth control
* artificial production of humans
* mass production
* controlled society
* faster reproduction

- DNA / gene manipulation
* standardized human beings
* fixed destiny / inescapable future

- one language
- limited resources
- fake wars

- drugs / drug use
* honest and contempt citizens
* emotions are suppressed by drugs

- totalitarian system
* propaganda is used to manipulate society.
* Dictatorship like government
* education and punishment in order to impose ideology on society
* total surveillance
* omnipotent controllers
* fixed system of values
* set ideals

- loss of individuality

- urge of perfection at expense of emotions
* no more love and romance
* sex only for fun
* monogamy

- communication world wide (internet?)
- information overload vs. controlled life
- nature vs. machines
- no wars
- no revolutions
- no changes
- no developments
- no history
= stuck in the present, no past and future
= only progress is stand-still
= history ceased to exist
= human values are destroyed
= nature has been replaced by an artificial environment

1984 & Brave New World – some common traits
- anti-utopian
- totalitarian system
- controlled society (by an elite)
- total surveillance
- uniformation of society
- new language
- castes
- theme: individuality vs. society

1984:
- war
- hate
- sadism, diabolism, brutality
- feasible/comparable with existing science and technology
- colourless, dull world
- political dystopia
- violence and punishment
- takes place in the past
- limited resources

Brave New World:
- pharmacological totalitarian system
- no more war
- friendly atmosphere
- no diseases
- no problems
- colourful
- technological dystopia
- no violence
- satisfaction
- takes place in the future
- enough resources
- harmony
- far advanced technology

Essay on society of the Brave New World, J.Klewes
Society of the BNW is not really a society at all. This is my introductional theses which I will be trying to explain.
Society as A. Huxley describes it, lacks most of the features that make up a society or what I consider a society. There is no real and intact family structure, words and abstract expressions such as “mother”, “father”, “parents”, “home”, “family” or “romance” do not really exist anymore.
Only a handful of people know those words and those who do know them from history only. A society is a dynamic and vivid concentration of different groups. Often it consists of many different religions, cultures, races and ethnic minorities. All those features are lacking in the BNW.
Society is stable due to the controlled system. The birth rate is controlled and altered whenever it is necessary, furthermore everyone’s fate is decided before he or she is decanted.
Decanted? Yes, that’s right; the leaders of the BNW abolished viviparous reproduction. Nowadays they rely on artificial creation of human beings.
Almost industrial-like humans are created in hatcheries.
Society is a human thing. People have the urge to come together, form groups and to interact which each other. Society in the BNW is totally different from that, humans in the BNW lack this human feature.
Actually it is a good question whether the people living in the BNW can be considered “human” at all, because they betray they body, block emotions and take drugs in order to feel happy. It is a very important human feature to have emotions and that is why I hope Huxley’s dystopian views of the BNW will never become reality!

Read on | Science-Fiction

The following article is part of a series called “German A-Levels/Abitur 2005 English”. In Germany you have your a-levels after the 13rd year in school. Pupils are usually between 17 and 18 years when they have their exams. In the compulsory schools you a broad variety of courses: From German, English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Greek to Science, Maths, Geographics, Physics, Literature, Arts and Sports etc. I prepared myself in 2005 for my a-levels by writing everything down. May these articles help anyone. Enjoy!

Land rights:
In many 3rd World countries the land is owned by relatively few people or organisations (often multinational), who use it for plantations of cash-crops which can be sold. The mass of the population, who do not own land, cannot plant the subsistence crops they need to support themselves. If food prices are high and their wages are low, or they are unemployed, these people face malnutrition or even starvation.

Multinationals:
A company based in one country is subject to the laws of that country, pays taxes there, and can be controlled in its operations.
Multinationals however are not controlled that much. They act in their own interest.

Arms Trade:
Part of a government’s budget that is spent on defence. Industrialized countries support Arms Trade as many jobs are in manufacturing of arms. Many countries give credits to poor countries so that they can participate in Arms Trade.

Tied Aid:
Rich nations devote small portions of their budget to foreign aid. The idea is to make countries better by helping them to be able to help themselves. Sometimes the aid comes in the form of interest-free loans or capital. In most cases the countries that receive Tied Aid cannot decide how to use the help. The multinational companies profit from Tied Aid, too, because often the aid receiving countries buy products from the donor country.

Cash Crops:
Products like tea, coffee, cocoa, bananas or tobacco are Cash Crops.
Cash Crops are items that cannot be effectively consumed by the producing countries but bought by richer countries. Cash Crops are products that are sold on the world market.

Colonial history:
In many colonies the colonists organised trade and industry to serve their own interests. For instance, the raw materials were produced in the colony, and the processed in the metropolis using technology to make a finished product. This happened, for instance, with sugar in the Caribbean, cotton in India or copper in Zambia. The processing is the profitable part, and the resources of rich countries ensure their technology is always more advanced. The colonists often destroyed and agricultural system where fanning was carried out in harmony with nature, the result was erosion and soil exhaustion. Populations which could support themselves became dependent on wages instead.

Problems connected with multiculturalism in England:
- rough competition between immigrants and white citizens for the low number of jobs
- racism by dissatisfied whites (problem: jobs)
- substandard housing (run-down areas)
- development of ghettos
- ethnic segregation: different ethnic minorities live separated from each other
- riots
- racial tension
- violence
- unemployment
- prejudice
- people feel overrun
- people feel like foreigner are not willing to integrate into society
- fear of their own country turning “foreign”
- cultural differences

Summary
Immigrants
- legal
- temporary

Asylum seekers
- bogus
- genuine

Hopes
- living conditions
- work
- education

Commonwealth countries
- Bangladesh
- Pakistan
- India
- Caribbean
- Africa

Problems
- competition (jobs)
- racism
- riots
- racial tension
- violence
- unemployment
- development of ghettos
- run-down areas
- ethnic minorities

Solutions
- government is to spend money on job creation
- social centres
- city councils
- community
- increase acceptance

Read on | The Third World